Birds
Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 16 | average maximum loss rate; estimated by number of individuals returning to nest in 2 successive yrs | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 23 - 34 cases | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | review | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
| Population Density | review | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | waterfowl (50%), shorebirds (10-12%), small gulls (10-15%), small land birds (20%), small mammals (2-3%) | dietary contribution of groups of species, by weight, based on collection of remains at nests | Both Male and Female | Adult, Chick | 329 prey items | Yukon River | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 41.7 | mean egg weight | g | Not Reported | Embryo | 13 | Thelon River, Northwest Territories | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 3.70 | average clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 77 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
American Kestrel (Falco sparverius)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Molt | May - September | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra | ||
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 98 | of chicks that hatched | % | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 150 | Sagehen Creek Field Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | Nevada, Sierra |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 119.0 | g | Female | Adult | 72 | throughout USA | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA | |
| Time of Molt | July-October/November | period of molt | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | throughout USA | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | August (begin) | period of fall migration of individuals fledged in northern CA, or at high elevations | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | throughout state | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | February (peak) | period of spring migration of individuals fledged in northern CA, or at high elevations | Both Male and Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | Not Reported | throughout state | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 78 | hatching success | % | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 55 eggs (14 clutches) | Berks county | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.23 | eggs | Female | Adult | 13 clutches | Berks county | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 50 | individuals in 175 km2 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 1 study area | agricultural lands, woodlots, meadows | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 0.250 | growth rate of body weight in parent-reared birds | Male | Nestling | 11 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory | |
| Growth Rate | 0.239 | growth rate of body weight in parent-reared birds | Female | Nestling | 8 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 4.4 | mean clutch size (4 sample years) | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 7-23 nests/year | Lucas and Wayne Counties (40deg57'N, 93deg18'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 89% | mean percent of young hatched that fledged (4 sample years) | % | Not Reported | Juvenile | 148 hatchlings | Lucas and Wayne Counties (40deg57'N, 93deg18'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 5.0 | three year mean fledging rate | number of fledglings per nest | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 28 pairs | rural and urban lands | Exposure Factor Datasets | Breeding |
Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 0 to 5 (+/-8) | mean nest densities in untilled corn or soybean fields | nests/100 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 8-9 fields | Adair County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Fledging or Metamorphosis | 15 | age at fledging | d | Both Male and Female | Fledgling | 35 broods | east-central area | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 64.5 | proportion of attempted nests that fledged at least one young | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | 220 nests | Gray Lodge State Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | Butte |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 48% | proportion of nests that were successful | Both Male and Female | Adult | 73 nests | southwest and northeast areas | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | seeds (96.1%), green vegetation (1.1%), insects (2.8%) | percent of diet by volume based on crop analysis | % | Not Reported | Not Reported | 38 birds | New Mexico State University Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 108 | average body weight | g | Not Reported | Not Reported | 11 birds | captured in Santa Monica Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets | 14.7 | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | figures | Figures of yearly and monthly nest density estimates | nests/ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | 48-158 transects | near Guanica and Cabo Rojo | Exposure Factor Datasets | PUERTO RICO |
Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia formerly Speotyto cunicularia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 2 | pairs/6669 ha | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Columbia River | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | mammals (35.7%), birds (1.3%), insects (27.7%), vegetation (57.4%) | mean percent occurrence in pellets | Both Male and Female | Not Reported | 929 pellets | Oakland Airport | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | reproductive success rate among pairs | % | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Dade and Broward counties | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | review | Not Reported | Not Reported | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, MEXICO, USA |
Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | 28+ | age at time of death | yr | Female | Adult | 1 bird | Asiniboine Park Zoo, Winnipeg | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | unident. snake (0.3%), Sylvilagus nuttallii (19.2%), Lepus californicus (14.3%), unident. leporid (16.1%), Spermophilus townsendii (0.6%), Thomomys townsendii (14.6%), Perognathus parvus (0.4%), Dipodomys ordii (11.1%), Reithrodontomys megalotis (0.2%), Peromyscus spp (2.3%), Neotoma cinerea (4.6%), Neotoma lepida (2.0%), unident. woodrat (0.3%), Microtus montanus (4.7%), Mus musculus (0.7%), Mustela frenata (0.1%), Falco sparverius (0.1%), Phasianus colchicus (1.9%), Callipepla californicus (0.1%), unident. galliform (0.4%), Fulica americana (0.4%), Columba livia (0.9%), Tyto alba (0.3%), Sturnus vulgaris (0.2%), unident. passerine (0.6%), unident. bid (3.4%) | occurence in diet as percent of total prey biomass, based on pellet analysis | Not Reported | Not Reported | 14 nesting areas, 1472 prey items | Snake River Birds of Prey National Conservation Area (42 deg, 50'N, 115 deg, 50'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | home range size (minimum convex polygon model) as determined by radiotelemetry | ha | Not Reported | Not Reported | 22 owls | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 31% | mean annual mortality after the first year of banding based on band return data, 1951-1962 | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 97 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of clutch sizes | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 191 clutches | Exposure Factor Datasets | USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary Composition | animal food (67.71%), vegetable food (32.26%) | percent composition of stomach contents | Not Reported | Not Reported | 183 birds | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 7.44 | mean clutch size | eggs/clutch | Female | Adult | 9 pairs | near New Concord | Exposure Factor Datasets | 2.24 SD |
Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | range of clutch sizes | eggs | Female | Adult | 6 nests | Sierra National Forest | Exposure Factor Datasets | Fresno |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 1.3 | average number of fledglings per nest | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Fledgling | 11 nests | Perazzo Meadows, Lacey Valley (32 km NW of Truckee) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Sierra | 1.3 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 13.2 | mean body weight during breeding season | g | Female | Adult | 5 birds | collection location George E. Hudson Biological Reserve, Whitman County | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Bushtit (Psaltriparus minumus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Territory Size | approximate range of nesting territory diameters | yd | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Stanford University Campus | Exposure Factor Datasets | Santa Clara |
Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 73.0 | estimated probability of a nestling surviving to fledge in pasture areas | % | Not Reported | Nestling | 25 clutches | Archbold Biological Station | Exposure Factor Datasets | 28.8 SD |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 17 | normal fledging period | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | 232 fledged birds | Pawnee National Grassland | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | clutches/yr | Both Male and Female | Adult | 48 pairs | southern Minnesota | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutches or Litters per year | number of clutches laid per season per pair | clutches/pair | Both Male and Female | Adult | 10 pairs | Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | review | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA, USA |
Bell's Vireo (Vireo bellii)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 8.3 | mean body weight | g | Not Reported | Nestling | 3 birds | Bloomington | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6-7 d post-hatch |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Longevity | up to 7 | years | Both Male and Female | Adult | 6 animals (from 1000) | San Pablo Marsh; San Francisco Bay | Exposure Factor Datasets | Contra Costa |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 2.41 | brood size with supplemental food | young/nest | Not Reported | Chick | 34 nests | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | 6 d | CANADA | 0.17 |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at Fledging, Metamorphosis, Weaning | 30 | d | Not Reported | Fledgling | Not Reported | Mandarte island | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia), Suisun Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. maxillaris), San Pablo Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia ssp. samuelis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | see table 1 | Both Male and Female | Adult | 64 sites | San Francisco Bay region | Exposure Factor Datasets | Alameda, Contra Costa | breeding |
Western Meadowlark (Sturnella neglecta)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | Mar-Aug | length of nesting period | Both Male and Female | Adult | Not Reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population Density | 28.43 (96) | mean density of breeding birds (maximum density in parentheses) | pairs/square mile | Both Male and Female | Adult | 130 sample units (160 acres/unit) | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Western Grebe (Aechmophorus occidentalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | -0.1321 | growth rate coefficient estimate based on Richard's growth model | Both Male and Female | Juvenile | 4 birds | Bear River Migratory Bird Refuge (collection site) | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Food Ingestion Rate | percent of body weight consumed daily during maintenance of adult weight | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 4 birds | Tarpon Key | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolic Rate | minimal metabolic rate measured over a range of incident radiation (0-700 watts/m^2) | cm^3 O2/g BW/hr | Not Reported | Both Adults and Juveniles | 5 cormorants | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Growth Rate | 0.208 | K; index of rate at which asymptotic weight is being gained | Not Reported | Nestling | 1-52/sample day | Duck Island, Isle of Shoals | Exposure Factor Datasets |
Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Fat (total or %) | 168 | g (lipid) | Female | Both Adults and Juveniles | 32 | Mingo Basin | Exposure Factor Datasets | initiation prebasic molt | 8 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 210 | Study area was 67% upland forest, 33% lakes and wetlands. | ha | Female | Adult | 12 | western edge of Chippewa National Forest, Beltrami Co. | Exposure Factor Datasets | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clutch or Litter Size | 8.96 | eggs | Adult | 78 | prairie pothole region of North Dakota | Exposure Factor Datasets | after second year | 1.38 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Migration or Dispersal | late February/early March (begin) to mid April (end) | southern part of U.S. breeding range | Exposure Factor Datasets | |||||
| Survival/ Mortality | 61 | These are average survival rates. For breakdown by region, see table 16, p. 27. | % | Male | Adult | not reported | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Home Range | 0.62 | For 1990. Home range defined as area that broods restricted their activities to during rearing period. | km2 | Not Reported | Nestling | 14 broods | Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.21 SE |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.782 | fall-winter survival (proportion) | Male | Adult | 18,650 | Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba | Exposure Factor Datasets | CANADA |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hatching Success | 85.2% | proportion of observed nests with at least one successful hatch | Female | Adult | 209 | Tule Lake and Lower Klamath River National Wildlife Refuges | Exposure Factor Datasets | Modoc, Siskiyou |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of Incubation or Gestation | 28 | d | Female | Adult | 18 | Adirondack Mountains | Exposure Factor Datasets |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.6279 | survival estimates for birds banded 1966-1985 | Male | Adult | 18,289 | Northern California | Exposure Factor Datasets | 0.009 (SE) |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | California Counties | Condition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time of Nesting | April-June | time from earliest clutch laid to last clutch hatched | Female | Adult | Not Reported | Conaway Ranch | Exposure Factor Datasets | Yolo | breeding |
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Age-Specific | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Survival/ Mortality | 0.84 | mean 17-day survival rate | Not Reported | Juvenile | 223 | Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Jamestown (46deg53'N, 98deg38'W) | Exposure Factor Datasets | 17 d | 0.025 SE |
Snowy Plover (Charadrius nivosus formerly Charadrius alexandrinus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Countries | Error |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 6.33 | mean body weight at hatching | g | Both Male and Female | Hatchling | 47 | Fuente de Piedra lake, s. Spain | Exposure Factor Datasets | SPAIN | 0.56 SD |
Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type | Lab |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body Weight - Mean | 71.1 | body weight of an individual bird | g | Not Reported | Adult | 1 bird | Exposure Factor Datasets | Laboratory |
Least Tern (Sterna antillarum)
| Exposure Endpoint Type | Endpoint Value | Endpoint Description | Units | Sex | Life Cycle Stage | Sample Size | Location | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fledging or Weaning Rate | 0.1-1.4 | range of mean fledging success over 3 study years | fledglings/nest | Not Reported | Juvenile | 6-18 nests/study year | Yellowstone River | Exposure Factor Datasets |
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